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Arran (Caucasus)
Arran (Middle Persian form), also known as Aran, Ardhan (in Parthian), Al-Ran (in Arabic),〔〔 Aghvank and Alvank (in Armenian), ((グルジア語:რანი)-Ran-i ) or Caucasian Albania〔 (in Latin), was a geographical name used in ancient and medieval times to signify the territory which lies within the triangle of land, lowland in the east and mountainous in the west, formed by the junction of Kura and Aras rivers, including the highland and lowland Karabakh〔 (Artsakh〔C. J. F. Dowsett. "The Albanian Chronicle of Mxit'ar Goš", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 21, No. 1/3. (1958) p. 475: "''In Albania, Xacen, part of the old province of Arcax, had preserved its independence, and we know that it was partly at the request of one of its rulers, Prince Vaxtang, that Mxit'ar composed his lawbook.''"〕), Mil plain and parts of the Mughan plain, and in the pre-Islamic times, corresponded roughly to the territory of modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan.〔 The term is the Middle Persian〔''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland''. The Society, published 1902, page 64. Text states: ''"In Mustawfi's lists, however, the Arabic article has everywhere disappeared and we have Ray, Mawsil, etc.; while names such as Ar-Ran and Ar-Ras (spelt Al-Ran, Al-Ras in the Arabic writing), which in the older geographers had thus the false appearance of Arab names, in the pages of Mustawfi appear in plain Persian as Arran and Aras."''〕〔Prasad, Ganga. ''The Fountain Head of Religion''. Published by the Book Tree in 2000, page 46〕 equivalent to the Greco-Roman ''Albania''. It was known as ''Aghvania'', ''Alvan-k''〔V. Minorsky. Caucasica IV. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 15, No. 3. (1953), p. 504〕 in Armenian, and ''Al-ran''〔〔 (Arabized form of ''Arran''〔) in Arabic. The native name for the country is unknown.〔Robert H. Hewsen. Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians, in: Samuelian, Thomas J. (Hg.), Classical Armenian Culture. Influences and Creativity, Chico: 1982, 27-40.〕
Today, the term Aran is mainly used in Azerbaijan to indicate territories consisting of Mil and Mughan plains (mostly, Beylaqan, Imishli, Saatli, Sabirabad provinces of the Republic of Azerbaijan). It has also been used by Iranian historian Enayatollah Reza to refer to the country of Azerbaijan, freeing the name "Azerbaijan" to refer to a region within Iran.〔("Arran, the real name of Adjerbadjan" ), Interview with Reza, Iran Chamber Society, retrieved 2010-02-28.〕 (The bulk of the territory of Rep. of Azerbaijan was the historic Shirvan as well as Kuba/Qubbah).
==Origins of the name==
According to some legends and ancient sources, such as Movses Kagankatvatsi, (Albanian) ''Arran'' or ''Arhan''〔(Kirakos' History of the Armenians )〕 was the name of the legendary founder of Caucasian Albania, who in some versions was son of Noah's son Yafet (Japheth) and also, possibly the eponym of the ancient Caucasian Albanians (''Aghvan''),〔(Moses Kalankatuatsi. History of country of Aluank. Chapter IV. )〕 and/or the Iranian tribe known as Alans (Alani). The nearby Araks (Aras) river was known to Ancient Greek geographers as the ''Araxes'', and has a source near from Mount Ararat. James Darmesteter, in his discussion of the geography of the Avesta's ''Vendidad'' I, observes that the 12th century ''Bundahishn'' (29:12) identified the "Airyana Vaego by the Vanguhi Daitya" on the northern border of Azerbaijan, and did so "probably in order that it should be as near as possible to the seat of the Zoroastrian religion yet without losing its supernatural character by the counter-evidence of facts."〔Darmesteter, James (trans., ed.). "Vendidad." ''Zend Avesta I'' (SBE 4). Oxford University Press, 1880. p. 3, p. 5 n.2,3.〕 Darmesteter further associated the Vanguhi Daitya river with the Araxes, and compared the name "Airyana Vaego" with that of Arran.〔(Darmesteter's translation and notes )〕
According to C.E. Bosworth:
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